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1.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 35(4): 467-474, July-Aug. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-527206

ABSTRACT

Purpose: We evaluated the effectiveness of combining behavioral therapy, pharmacologic therapy and endoscopic hydrodistension for treating painful bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC). Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with PBS/IC were prospectively enrolled in a pilot multimodal behavioral, pharmacologic and endoscopic treatment protocol. Behavioral modification included diet recommendations, fluid restriction to 64 oz. /day, progressive timed voiding and Kegel exercises. Oral pharmacologic therapy consisted of daily doses of macrodantin 100 mg, hydroxyzine 10-20 mg and urised 4 tablets. Patients underwent endoscopic bladder hydrodistention under anesthesia at least 2 weeks after protocol enrollment. Behavioral and pharmacological treatments were continued after the hydrodistention. O'Leary-Sant questionnaire scores were recorded before starting the protocol, after pharmacologic/behavioral therapy, 2 months post-hydrodistension, and at scheduled follow-up. Results: Eighteen patients (72 percent) completed the pilot multimodal treatment protocol and were followed for a mean of 10.2 months. All patients were female with a median age of 36.3 years and had mean bladder capacity under anesthesia of 836 milliliters. Mean O'Leary-Sant symptom index scores for baseline symptoms, after behavioral/pharmacologic treatment, post-hydrodistension and during follow up were 12.5, 8.6, 7.0, and 6.7 (p < 0.05). Mean O'Leary-Sant problem index scores for baseline, after behavioral/pharmacologic treatment, post-hydrodistention and during follow up were 12.7, 8.9, 6.7, and 7.7 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our pilot multimodal protocol of behavioral modification, pharmacologic therapy and endoscopic hydrodistention demonstrated a significant progressive improvement in PBS/IC quality of life scores, compared to a pre-treatment baseline. These results should be validated in a larger, placebo controlled trial.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Cystitis, Interstitial/therapy , Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary , Behavior Therapy/methods , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Dilatation/methods , Endoscopy , Hydroxyzine/therapeutic use , Nitrofurantoin/therapeutic use , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(7): 831-841, July 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-298676

ABSTRACT

The present article is the adapted version of an electronic symposium organized by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) which took place on June 14, 2000. The text is divided into three sections: I. The main issues, II. Chronodrugs, and III. Methods. The first section is dedicated to the perspectives of chronobiology for the next decade, with opinions about the trends of future research being emitted and discussed. The second section deals mostly with drugs acting or potentially acting on the organism's timing systems. In the third section there are considerations about relevant methodological issues concerning data analysis


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain/physiology , Chronobiology Discipline/physiology , Research/trends , Brain/drug effects , Chronobiology Discipline/drug effects , Computer Communication Networks
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 29(1): 77-85, Jan. 1996. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-161656

ABSTRACT

Circadian rhythms in mammals are generated by pacemaker cells located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The identity of these cells, however, is not known, and little information exists regarding the mechanisms by which they communicate with each other and with the organism. Nonetheless, pacemaker interactions must occur to produce single, coherent rhythms of behavior and physiology. Recently it has become possible to observe the result of these interactions using circadian chimeras, animals with two clocks with distinct periods, that have been produced by SCN transplantation. Using the tau mutation in golden hamsters, chimeras expressing two circadian rhythms of behavior simultaneously were created. The two rhythms exhibited complex interactions including cases of relative coordination. This basic result indicates that pacemaker interactions are rhythmic and phase dependent. Further analysis should help to elucidate the nature of the coupling signal and the identity of the pacemaker cells.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology , Hypothalamus, Anterior/physiology , Mesocricetus/physiology , Biological Clocks/physiology , Biological Clocks/genetics
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 29(1): 131-40, Jan. 1996. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-161664

ABSTRACT

Mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by a biological clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). This clock is entrained by light through a retinohypothalamic pathway that interacts with the SCN through glutamate neurotransmission. Light pulses during the subjective night induce phase shifts of behavioral rhythms, and also trigger intracellular changes such as the expression of immediate-early genes and activation of transcription factors. In this review, we present a model of the signal transduction pathway leading to photic synchronization of the circadian clock, including the activity of specific second messenger systems, gene expression, and interaction between potential agents capable of producing phase shifts.


Subject(s)
Animals , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Light , Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology , Biological Clocks/physiology , Signal Transduction/physiology , Excitatory Amino Acids/physiology , N-Methylaspartate/physiology , Signal Transduction
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 47(3): 181-187, set. 1986. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-38781

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados 45 pacientes, todos submetidos a cateterismo. Trinta pacientes compunham o grupo portador de hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HA) e 15 o grupo de controle normal. Foram comparados, primeiramente, os valores da pressäo arterial sistólica (PSAo), média (PMAo) e diastólica (PDAo) do grupo normal com os dos hipertensos e os valores foram, respectivamente: 118 + ou - 19 e 177 + ou - 40 mmHg (p < 0,001), 95 + ou - 13 e 122 + ou - 27 mmHg (p<0,001) e 77 + ou - 12 e 100 + ou - 23 mmHg (p<0,001). A seguir foram comparados os valores das variáveis de avaliaçäo da funçäo ventricular esquerda, que foram, respectivamente, para normais e o grupo com HA: volume diastólico final 88 + ou - 16 e 133 + ou - 45 cm3 (p<0,01), volume sistólico final 24 + ou - 4 e 40 + ou - 17 cm3 (p<0,01), fraçäo de ejeçäo (FE) 71 + ou - 5 e 68 + ou -11% (p<0,40), massa ventricular (massa) 85 + ou 22 e 204 + ou - 73 g (p<0,001), espessura da parede ventricular 0,705 + ou - 0,116 e 1,183 + ou - 0,290 cm (p<0,001), complacência específica (CE) 0,44 + ou - 0,25 e 0,24 + ou - 0,21 mmHg-1 (p<0,02) e pressäo diastólica final (pd2) 9 + ou - 2 e 12 + ou - 4 mmHg (p<0,05). Encontrou-se correlaçäo significativa entre a pressäo arterial obtida clinicamente e a CE e entre PSAo, PMAo e a pd2. Conclui-se que a HA leva a alteraçäo importante da funçäo ventricular evidenciada pelo aumento da massa e espessura da parede ventricular, que säo mecanismos de compensaçäo ao aumento da pós-carga, bem como dos volumes, embora a contraçäo ventricular representada pela FE permaneça normal mesmo quando as outras variáveis já estäo bastante alteradas e evidenciou-se também a importante alteraçäo da complacência ventricular (CE e pd2) bem como foi o pd2 que correlacionou com os dados de pressäo intra-arterial


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Myocardial Contraction , Hypertension/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Echocardiography , Manometry , Hemodynamics , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
7.
Ars cvrandi cardiol ; 8(59): 31-2, 34, 37-8, passim, abr. 1986. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-33924

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados 45 pacientes, todos cateterizados. Trinta pacientes compunham o grupo portador de hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HA), e 15, o grupo-controle normal. Foram comparados primeiramente os valores da pressäo intra-arterial sistólica (PSAo), média (PMAo) e diastólica (PDAo) do grupo normal com os hipertensos, e os valores foram, respectivamente: 118 + ou - 19 e 177 + ou - 40mmHg p < 0,001, 95 + ou - 13 e 122 + ou - 27mmHg p < 0,001 e 77 + ou - 12 e 100 + ou - 23mmHg p < 0,01, sendo todos os valores significativamente elevados nos hipertensos. A seguir, foram comparados os valores das variáveis de avaliaçäo da funçäo ventricular esquerda, que foram respectivamente para normais e o grupo com HA: volume diastólico final (VDF) 88 + ou - 16 e 133 + ou - 45 cm3 p < 0,01, volume sistólico final (VSF) 24 + ou - 4 e 40 + ou - 17 cm3 p <0,01, fraçäo de ejeçäo (FE) 71 + ou - 5 e 68 + ou - 11% p < 0,40ns, massa ventricular (Massa) 85 + ou - 22 e 204 + ou - 73g p < 0,001, espessura da parede ventricular (Espessura) 0,705 + ou - 0,116 e 1,183 + ou - 0,290cm p < 0,001, complacência específica (CE) 0,44 + ou - 0,25 e 0,24 + ou - 0,21mmHg-1 p < 0,02 e pressäo diastólica final (pd2) 9 + ou - 2 e 12 + ou - 4mmHg p < 0,05. Quando através de modelo de regressäo, se correlacionaram variáveis entre si, encontrou-se correlaçäo significativa entre a pressäo arterial obtida clinicamente e a CE, e entre PSAo, PMAo e PDAo com o pd2. Concluiu-se que a HA leva a alteraçäo importante da funçäo ventricular, embora a contraçäo ventricular (FE) permaneça normal mesmo quando outras variáveis já estäo bastante alteradas, e evidenciou-se também a importante alteraçäo da complacência ventricular, bem como foi o pd2 que se correlacionou com os dados de pressäo intra-arterial


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Hypertension/physiopathology , Myocardial Contraction , Hemodynamics , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 45(3): 161-166, set. 1985. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-27609

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados 38 pacientes, todos cateterizados. Vinte e cinco pacientes compunham o grupo portador de hipertensäo arterial sistêmica (HA) e 13 o grupo controle normal. Foram comparados primeiramente os valores da pressäo arterial sistólica, média e diastólica do grupo normal com os hipertensos e os valores foram respectivamente: 117 + ou - 20 e 174 + ou - 40 mmHg (p <0,001), 95 + ou - 14 e 121 + ou - 28 mmHg (p <0,01) e 77 + ou - 99 + ou - 25 mmHg (p <0,01). A seguir foram comparados os valores das medidas de funçäo ventricular esquerda, que foram, respectivamente, para normais e o grupo com HA: volume diastólico final (VDF) 83 + ou - 16 e 128 + ou - 32 cm3 (p <0.001), volume sistólico final (VSF) 23 + ou - 3 e 40 + ou - 19 cm3 (p <0,01), fraçäo de ejeçäo (FE) 71 + ou - 5 e 69 + ou - 10% (p <0.40), massa ventricular (Massa) 87 + ou - 23 e 200 + ou - 70 g (p <0,001), espessura da parede ventricular (Espessura) 0,730 + ou - 0,106 e 1,173 + ou - 0,269 cm (p <0,001), velocidade circunferencial de encurtamento média (VCF) 1,52 + ou - 0,32 e 1,56 + ou - 0,62 circ/s (p <0,40), complacência específica (CE) 0,37 + ou - 0,17 e 0,27 + ou - 0,22 mmHg-1 (p <0,20) e pressäo diastólica final (pd2) 10 + ou - 2 e 12 + ou - 4 mmHg (p <0,05). Quando se analisou qualitativamente e ventriculografia, notou-se a freqüente alteraçäo da contraçäo segmentar existente nos hipertensos, predominando nitidamente hipocontritilidade de parede ântero-lateral e apical. Esta, quando discreta, era, em geral, isolada e, quando associada a alteraçäo de outras paredes, era em geral, a mais intensa. Concluiu-se que, na hipertensäo arterial, há aumento dos volumes e que o VDF e o VSF aumentaram proporcionalmente nesse grupo, já que a FE näo alterou. Houve importante aumento da Massa e da Espessura. O pd2 aumentou mas a CE, embora diminuída, näo atingiu níveis de significância estatística. É freqüente a hipocontratilidade, sobretudo de paredes ântero-lateral e apical na presença de coronárias normais, nos pacientes com hipertensäo arterial


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hypertension/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Stroke Volume , Echocardiography
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